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William de Corbeil or William of Corbeil ((フランス語:Guillaume de Corbeil)) (c. 1070 – 1136) was a medieval Archbishop of Canterbury. Very little is known of William's early life or his family, except that he was born at Corbeil in the outskirts of Paris and that he had two brothers. Educated as a theologian, he taught briefly before serving the bishops of Durham and London as a clerk and subsequently becoming a canon, a priest who lived a communal life. William was elected to the see of Canterbury as a compromise candidate in 1123, the first canon to become an English archbishop. He succeeded Ralph d'Escures, who had employed him as a chaplain. Throughout his archbishopric, William was embroiled in a dispute with Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, over the primacy of Canterbury. As a temporary solution, the pope appointed William the papal legate for England, giving him powers superior to those of York. William concerned himself with the morals of the clergy, and presided over three legatine councils, which among other things condemned the purchase of benefices or priesthoods, and admonished the clergy to live a celibate life. He was also known as a builder; among his constructions is the keep of Rochester Castle. Towards the end of his life William was instrumental in the selection of Count Stephen of Boulogne as King of England, despite his oath to the dying King Henry I that he would support the succession of his daughter, the Empress Matilda. Although some chroniclers considered him a perjurer and a traitor for crowning Stephen, none doubted his piety. ==Early life== William de Corbeil was probably born at Corbeil on the Seine, possibly in about 1070.〔Barlow "Corbeil, William de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 He was educated at Laon,〔Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 23〕 where he studied under Anselm of Laon, the noted scholastic and teacher of theology.〔Hollister ''Henry I'' p. 432〕 William taught for a time at Laon,〔 but nothing else is known of his early life.〔Spear "Norman Empire" ''Journal of British Studies'' p. 6〕 All that is known of his parents or ancestry is that he had two brothers, Ranulf and Helgot;〔 his brothers appear as witnesses on William's charters.〔Bethell "William of Corbeil" ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' pp. 145–146〕 William joined the service of Ranulf Flambard, Bishop of Durham, as a clerk, and was present at the translation of the body of Saint Cuthbert in 1104.〔 His name appears high in a list of those who were present at the event, implying that he may have held an important position in Flambard's household, but appended to his name is "subsequently archbishop", suggesting that his inclusion could have been a later interpolation. He was a teacher to Flambard's children, probably in about 1107 to 1109,〔Bethell "William of Corbeil" ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' p. 146〕 but at some unknown date William appears to have transferred to the household of the Archbishop of Canterbury. Between 1107 and 1112 he went to Laon and attended lectures given by Anselm of Laon.〔 By 1116 he was a clerk for Ralph d'Escures, Archbishop of Canterbury, with whom he travelled to Rome in 1117 when Ralph was in dispute with Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, over the primacy of Canterbury.〔Bethell "English Black Monks" ''English Historical Review''〕 In 1118, William entered the Augustinian order at Holy Trinity Priory in Aldgate,〔 a house of canons rather than monks.〔Knowles, et al. ''Heads of Religious Houses'' p. 173〕 Subsequently he became prior of the Augustinian priory at St Osyth in Essex,〔Knowles, et al. ''Heads of Religious Houses'' p. 183〕〔Barlow ''English Church'' p. 85〕 appointed by Richard de Beaumis, Bishop of London, in 1121.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William de Corbeil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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